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Copyright©1994 by Tammy McQuoid
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the author.
Why I compiled this list: When in high school, I took a vocabulary class based on Greek and Latin roots. Upon reaching college and being enrolled in a Freshman composition class, I started taking the weekly vocabulary tests. I found, much to my amazement and delight, that I didn't have to study for those tests that were based on Greek and Latin roots. For me, that showed the value of my high school course. Now that our family is homeschooling, I feel that our children would benefit from learning this information. What I wanted was a very thorough alphabetical list (not a workbook) of combining forms, roots, and prefixes that differentiated between Greek and Latin all in one book. I wanted to be able to decide which combining forms would be introduced and integrated into our curriculum. I also wanted to be able to choose when their introduction would be most beneficial. However, when I went to find a book containing the desired information in the desired form, I couldn't find any. So I decided to compile a list of my own to use. Possibly you can put this list to work for you also.
What will this list do for you: That's totally up to you and your students. I can make no claims concerning the results you may get if you use this list, whether they be positive or negative. Author and friend of C. S. Lewis, Dorothy Sayers, claims, "[Latin] is the key to the vocabulary and structure of all the Romance languages ... as well as to the technical vocabulary of all the sciences and to the literature of the entire Mediterranean civilisation...."1 She, however, feels that students should learn the Latin language and its grammar, not just a few hundred combining forms. Sayers goes on to inform us, "... even a rudimentary knowledge of Latin cuts down the labour and pains of learning almost any other subject by at least fifty per cent."2 Douglas Wilson, founder of Logos School and author of numerous educational books, states, "About 80 percent of our English vocabulary comes to us from Latin and Greek."3 It seems that some form of knowledge of Latin and Greek will be of great benefit to most English-speaking people, especially if vocabulary enhancement is the objective. This list is not a Latin or Greek language course. It is a lengthy list of combining forms to learn. Once learned, many English words of Latin or Greek derivation will be understandable. It could almost be described as putting a jigsaw puzzle together. And after years of working on it, all the pieces finally fit. Take a peek farther back in this book for examples.
How the list is organized: On the left margin is the prefix, combining form, word, or root. There is not a lot of consistency here. Sometimes an infinitive is used, sometimes a root. This should not cause any problems since we are not using this list to learn Latin or Greek or how to conjugate foreign verbs. In the center column is the meaning or meanings of the combining form/prefix. On the right is a list of examples that utilize the combining forms/prefixes. The number of examples was kept small to keep the list from becoming too cumbersome. Also, part of acquiring a good vocabulary is achieved by using the dictionary and the mind to discover words that utilize the combining forms--not by having all the English words that utilize Latin and Greek combining forms easily available to the student.
Ways you may choose to use this list: One way is a five-day plan. Arbitrarily choose ten combining forms and/or prefixes. Give them to your student(s). The student(s) will then be required to look up the meanings of the combining forms and/or prefixes and make a 3x5 card for each, putting the definition on the back. On the next day the meanings can be reviewed. Two English words that incorporate the combining forms/prefixes can then be found for each combining form/prefix and used in a sentence. (Two English words for each combining form/prefix.) On the third day, the instructor can review the assignment from the day before and choose 20 of the English words found by the student(s) or add a few of her/his own to make up 20 words for a vocabulary test. On the next day the student(s) can study the 20 English words. On the last day, the test can be given. The word should be given verbally to the student(s). It should be spelled correctly by the student(s). Then the definition should be written by the student and the word should also be used properly in a sentence.
Day 1: Ten (10) combining forms/prefixes are given to the student. Example: colare, deus, fabula, filia, hospes, manus, somnus, sanguis, terra, verus
Put these on 3x5 cards. Look up the definitions and write them on the back. These meanings should be memorized.
Day 2: Review the meanings of the combining forms/prefixes. The student can find, using the dictionary, 2 English words for each combining form/prefix. Then an original sentence can be constructed. (NOTE: On occasion finding two examples will be very difficult.)
Example: (colare: portcullis, colander)
portcullis: an iron gate suspended and raised and lowered by a chain, castles often utilized them. The knight quickly lowered the portcullis when he saw the raiders approaching.
colander: a container with holes in the bottom that is used to facilitate cleaning or draining of vegetables or pasta. My mom's colander was used most often for draining spaghetti noodles.
The student will have 20 English words, 20 definitions, and 20 sentences when this assignment is completed.
Day 3: The instructor can give a test to see if the meanings of the combining forms/prefixes are sufficiently memorized. The instructor can choose 20 words from yesterday's assignment that will be on the test on Day 5. If the instructor has more than one student, the selection of 20 words will be easier since the instructor will have more to choose from. The instructor should choose words that she/he feels will be most beneficial for the student to know. If only one student is involved, the instructor may need to do some extra work and choose some English words of her own to supplement or replace some of the student's list so that the most useful words will be learned. This is a judgment call for the instructor. Possibly the student could be required to find 4 English words rather than just 2.
Day 4: The student should study the 20 words received from the instructor on Day 3.
Day 5: Test--20 English words. The student(s) must supply the definitions and original sentences. Some instructors may wish to include the combining forms/prefixes and their meanings to the test (if this hasn't already occurred) since memorizing the combining forms/prefixes will help in the future when the student(s) comes upon an unfamiliar word in his studies.
If the above schedule is followed, there are enough combining forms, roots, words, and prefixes to last at least 45 weeks which is nine weeks longer than a usual 180-day school year. The list includes over 450 combining forms, roots, words, and prefixes. To keep track of which combining forms you have covered, you might write the date completed in the margin in a color that has been assigned to that student.
Another possible way to use this list would be to give the student(s) two words from the far right column. Then ask the student(s) to find the root, the meaning, and two more examples of the combining form being used in English. Sentences could be written for each word. (NOTE: On occasion it will be very difficult or impossible to find two more examples.)
A benefit of having a comprehensive list of Latin and Greek combining forms is its adaptability to many learning styles. Those of you who are using the unit study method may choose words that go along with the unit being studied. Some instructors may want to choose the most prevalent combining forms and cover them all in one semester. My high school offered a class in Latin and Greek roots; it fulfilled the English requirement for one semester. However, in my Freshman composition class at college, Latin and Greek roots were covered in about a month. If your child(ren) are younger and there is no hurry, this list could last many years. Of course, you may only want to introduce one new combining form a week. There are probably as many ways to use this list to help students learn as there are instructors who will use the book. Experiment, and then if you have time, let me know what works for you.
The shortcomings (or what may be perceived as shortcomings): There are many. 1) Suffixes are purposely not included because their meanings seem too abstract for memorization by students who are below the secondary level. 2) There are errors in this list. This list was gone over quite extensively to eradicate mistakes and typographical errors. Some mistakes crept in because at times it seemed like deciphering etymologies was more of an art that an exact science. The convoluted path that some words have taken to get into the English language is sometimes amazing. Perhaps the errors will be caught if this list is revised. 3) This list is incomplete. There are many more combining forms that could be listed; however, the line had to be drawn somewhere. Although this list is incomplete, it includes more than enough entries to help a diligent student develop an entirely adequate vocabulary of words derived from Latin and Greek combining forms. 4) Medical terms are not included, but they can be found in any good medical dictionary such as Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. 5) There is no money-back guarantee if you don't like this list. 6) This is not a workbook. The student has to find the vocabulary words with the use of a dictionary, without the help of a list already plotted out for them. The instructor has to choose which words would be best to learn. The student alone must write sentences out that use the vocabulary words; sentences are not already written out with a place to fill in the vocabulary word. This is just a list, not a workbook. 7) There are no grade-level guidelines included with this list. Instructors will have to adapt this list to fit the learning level, interest level, and learning style of their student(s).
What else is needed: A good dictionary is needed. By "good dictionary," I mean one that gives the etymological information about a word as far back as is known (usually Indo-European--IE). Just because a dictionary has a recent copyright date does not mean that it will be helpful in learning the origins of words. (I know this because I have a flashy 1991 dictionary that is less than helpful etymologically.) If you don't have a good dictionary, you will think that many example words have nothing to do with the combining form listed. Also, finding other words derived from the combining form/prefix will be difficult. If the dictionary gives scanty etymologies, it will not be easy to ascertain exactly what combining form the word is derived from. Please compare dictionaries before you buy. The dictionary listed in the Bibliography is excellent.
l. Sayers, Dorothy L., "The Lost Tools of Learning," in Rosamond Kent Sprague (ed.), A Matter of Eternity, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 1973, pp. 121-122.
2. Ibid., p. 121.
3. Wilson, Douglas, Recovering the Lost Tools of Learning: An Approach to Distinctively Christian Education, Crossway Books, Wheaton, IL, 1991, p. 87.
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| ........ | ab, a | from, down, away | abstract, aversion, abject |
| ........ | ad, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as, at, a | to | advent, accent, accelerate, affectation, aggravate |
| ........ | ambi | both | ambidextrous, ambiance |
| ........ | ante | before | antecedent, antebellum |
| ........ | bi | two | biennium, bifurcate, bicarbonate |
| ........ | circum, circa | around, about | circumnavigate, circumference |
| ........ | com, col, con, cor, co | closely along, together, next to, with | collusion, coheir, consort, cooperate, compact |
| ........ | contra, counter | against | contradict, contraband, counterfeit |
| ........ | de | from, down, entirely | deplete, demerit, depress, defrost, decline, defunct |
| ........ | di, dis, dif | away, from, apart | different, disburse, digest |
| ........ | duo, du | two | dubious, duet, duplication |
| ........ | ex, e, ef, ec, es | from, out of, without | effervescent, exhale, escape, extradition, eclectic |
| ........ | extra | beyond | extrapolate, extraordinary |
| ........ | in, il, ir, im | in, into, on | infer, induct, incarnate, illuminate, irrigate, imbibe |
| ........ | in, il, ir, im | no, not, without, non | insignificant, illiterate, irresponsible, impossible, imbecile, inappropriate, |
| ........ | inter | among, between | interchange, intervention, intercept |
| ........ | intra, intro | within, inside of | intramural, intrastate, intramuscular |
| ........ | milli, mille | thousand | millennium, millimeter |
| ........ | multi, multus | much, many | multitudinous, multifaceted, multiply |
| ........ | non | not | nonresident, nonconformity |
| ........ | ob, o, oc, of, op, | against, before, toward, for | offer, omit, occur, obscene, oppress |
| ........ | omni | all, everywhere | omniscient, omnivorous, omnificent |
| ........ | quadri, quadr | four times, four fold | quadriceps, quadrisect, quadrivium |
| ........ | per | through, completely | persecute, pilgrim, perfect, pellucid |
| ........ | post | after, behind | postdate, postdiluvian |
| ........ | pre | before | precedent, precept, preposition |
| ........ | pro, pur | before, for | proceed, purport, pursue |
| ........ | re | back, again | recompense, refine |
| ........ | retro | back, backward | retrograde, retrofit |
| ........ | se | apart, aside | seclude, select |
| ........ | semi | half | semicircle, semiprivate |
| ........ | sub, suc, suf, sug, sum, sup, sur, sus | under, less than, inferior | suffer, submarine, succumb, suggest |
| ........ | super, supra | above, superior, surpassing | soprano, superabundance, superintendent |
| ........ | trans | across, through | transcontinental, transit |
| ........ | tri | three | triangle, triceps, Triassic |
| ........ | ultra | beyond, on other side of | ultrasound, ultraconservative |
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| ........ | -itis | inflammation | neuritis, conjunctivitis |
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| ........ | acerbus, acris, acuere | sharp, to sharpen, needle, bitter | acerbate, acupuncture, acuity, acrimony |
| ........ | aequare | to make equal, even | equivocate, adequate, equilibrium |
| ........ | aevum | age | coeval, medieval |
| ........ | ager, agri, agro | field | agrestic, agronomy |
| ........ | agere, actum, agitare | to act, to do | agility, react, agitate |
| ........ | alius | other, else | alias, alienate |
| ........ | alter | other | altercation, adulterate |
| ........ | altus | high | altimeter, exaltation, alto |
| ........ | ambulare | to walk, to go | preamble, ambulatory |
| ........ | amare, amor, amatum, amicus | to love, love, friend | amateur, amiable, enamored |
| ........ | anima | life, soul, breath, mind | animosity, inanimate, unanimous |
| ........ | annus | year | biennial, centennial, annual |
| ........ | apparere | to come forth, be visible | apparent, appearance, apparitor |
| ........ | aptare, aptus, apere | to fit, suitable | aptitude, adaptable, ineptitude |
| ........ | aqua | water | aqueous, aquarelle |
| ........ | arbiter | judge | arbitration, arbitrary |
| ........ | arbor | tree | arboretum, arboreal |
| ........ | ardere | to burn | arduous, ardor |
| ........ | artis | art | artifice, artifact, artisan |
| ........ | audire | to hear | audit, audible |
| ........ | augere | to increase | augmentation, augur, august |
| ........ | avis | bird | avionics, aviation, aviary, avian |
| ........ | beatus | blessed, happy | beatific, beatitude |
| ........ | bellare, bellum | to wage war, war | rebellious, bellicose |
| ........ | bene | well | benevolence, beneficent |
| ........ | bonus, bon | good | bonanza, bonny, bon voyage |
| ........ | brevis | short, brief | abbreviate, breviary |
| ........ | cadere | fall | recidivism, cascade, cadaver, decadent |
| ........ | caedere, cide | to cut, kill | incision, pesticide |
| ........ | canere, cantare, cantus | to sing | recant, chant, cantata |
| ........ | capere, captum, cip, cept | to take, hold, contain | capacious, incipient, intercept participate, capable, captive, conceive, precept |
| ........ | 
Rummy Roots Rummy Roots, Set 2 |
Grades 7+ 
Word Roots CD Learning Game Word Roots Book |
High School Level 
The Book of Roots: Advanced Vocabulary Building from Latin Roots |
| ........ | caput, capitis | head | cape, chapter, biceps, capital |
| ........ | carnis | flesh | carnal, carnival, incarnate, carnivore |
| ........ | cavare, cavus | to make hollow | cavernous, cavity, excavate |
| ........ | cedere, cessum | to go, withdraw, move | concession, recede, access |
| ........ | centrum | center | eccentric, concentric, concentrate |
| ........ | centum, centi | hundred, tenth, ten | percent, centimeter, centurion |
| ........ | cernere, certus | to see as being different, to sift, distinguish | discern, secret, certitude |
| ........ | civis, civilis | citizen, community | civic, city, civility |
| ........ | clamare, clamor | to shout, cry out acclaim, clear, to make clear | reclamation clarare, clarus, clarify, clarity, declaration, claret |
| ........ | claudere, clausum | to shut, close | recluse, cloister, enclosure, conclusion |
| ........ | clemens | mild, merciful | clemency, inclement |
| ........ | clinare | to lean, slope | clinometer, incline |
| ........ | colare | to strain, filter | portcullis, percolate, colander |
| ........ | colere, cultus | to till, care, cultivate | cultivation, culture, cult |
| ........ | coquere, coctum | to cook, to mature | precocious, concoction, cook |
| ........ | cor, cordis | heart | courage, cordial, accord |
| ........ | corium | skin, hide | excoriate |
| ........ | corona | crown | corona, coronation, coronary |
| ........ | corpus | body | corporation, corporeal |
| ........ | credere, credens | to believe, trust | credentials, credit, incredible |
| ........ | crescere, cretum | to grow | crescendo, concretism, accretion, increase |
| ........ | crimen | crime, offense | criminology, incriminate |
| ........ | cruciare, crux, crucis | to torture, cross | excruciating, crusade, cruzeiro |
| ........ | culpare | to blame, fault | culpable, exculpate |
| ........ | cumulare | to heap up | cumulative, accumulate |
| ........ | curare, cura, curatus | to take care of, concern | curate, curious, manicure |
| ........ | currere, cursus, cour | to run, go | occur, precursor, concur, course |
| ........ | dens, dentis | tooth | denture, endodontia, dentifrice |
| ........ | deus, dei | god | deify, deity, deism |
| ........ | dexter, dextro | right, right hand | ambidextrous, dextrorotation |
| ........ | dicere, dictare | to speak, say | abdicate, indict |
| ........ | dignus | worthy, fitting, suitable | condign, dignitary |
| ........ | dirigere, directus | to direct | dirge, dirigible, address-- -- -- -- --see "regere" below |
| ........ | docere, doctum | to teach | document, docent, doctrine |
| ........ | dominus | lord, master | danger, domineer |
| ........ | domus | a dwelling, home | domesticity, major-domo |
| ........ | donare, do | to give, to forgive | condone, donation, donor |
| ........ | dormire, dorm | to sleep | dormouse, dormitory |
| ........ | ducere, ductum | to lead, take, bring | abduct, seduction, conducive, duke, education |
| ........ | durare, durus | to harden, hard | obdurate, duress |
| ........ | errare, erratum | to wander, go astray | aberration, err, erratic |
| ........ | fabula | story | confabulate, fable, fabulous |
| ........ | facere, factum, fect, fic | to make, to do | manufacture, sufficient, facsimile |
| ........ | fallere | to deceive, disappoint | fallacious, infallible, fail |
| ........ | ferre, latum | to bear, to carry | relate, confer, referendum |
| ........ | ferrum | iron | ferrotype, ferric, ferrous |
| ........ | fervere | to boil, glow, rage | fervor, effervescent |
| ........ | fidere, fidelis, fides | to trust, believe, faith | perfidy, fiduciary, confidant |
| ........ | filius, filia | son, daughter (respectively) | filial, affiliation |
| ........ | finire, finis, fin | to end, to limit | infinity, finite, confinement |
| ........ | firmare | to make firm, strengthen | affirm, confirmation, firmament |
| ........ | figare, fixus | to fasten, attach | fixative, crucifix, suffix |
| ........ | flare, flatus | blow | deflate, inflation |
| ........ | flectere, flexus | to bend | flexible, deflection, inflection |
| ........ | fluere, fluxum, fluctus | to flow | confluence, fluid, effluvium, influx, flume |
| ........ | foedus, fed | league | confederacy, federation |
| ........ | fortis | strong | fort, comfort, fortify, force |
| ........ | frangere, fractum | to break | fraction, frangible, infringement |
| ........ | frater | brother | fraternal, fraternize |
| ........ | fugere, fugitum | to flee | centrifugal, fugue |
| ........ | fumus | smoke | fumitory, fumarole |
| ........ | fundere, fusum | to pour | refund, diffuse, profound |
| ........ | generare, genus1 | birth, origin, race, species, kind, to beget, produce | generous, generic, gentle, genre, engender, generation |
| ........ | gerere, gestum | to carry, to bear | belligerent, gesture, digest, gestation |
| ........ | glomerare | to form into a ball | conglomeration, glomerulus |
| ........ | gnoscere, cognoscere, gnarus, cognitum | to know | incognito, cognition, ignorant, gnostic |
| ........ | gradi, gressus, gradus | to step, to walk, a degree | progress, graduate, centigrade |
| ........ | granum, grani | seed, kernel | granary, granule |
| ........ | gratia, gratus | agreeable, favor, thanks | congratulate, gratitude, grace |
| ........ | gravare, gravis | to weigh down, heavy | aggravate, gravamen, gravid, grief |
| ........ | grex, gregis, gregar | flock, herd, to gather into a flock | segregate, congregation gregarious |
| ........ | habere, habitum | to have, hold | habit, inhibit |
| ........ | haerere | to stick | coherence, adhere |
| ........ | herba | grass, herb | herbivorous, herbaceous |
| ........ | hilarare, hilaris | to gladden, merry | hilarious, exhilarate |
| ........ | homo | man | homicidal, hominize |
| ........ | horrere | to shudder, terrible | horrendous, abhor |
| ........ | hospes | guest, host | hospice, hostage, hostess |
| ........ | ire, itum, itineris | to go, journey, walk | itinerant, transit, initiate |
| ........ | jacere, ject, jactum2 | to lie, cast oneself down, to throw | reject, adjacent, eject |
| ........ | jicere2 | to throw between | interjection |
| ........ | judex, judicare | judge | judicious, prejudice, judge |
| ........ | jungere, junctum | to join | conjugal, junction, joint |
| ........ | jus, juris, jurare | law, right, to swear | jurisprudence, abjure, perjury, juror, injury, justify |
| ........ | juvenis | young | rejuvenate, juvenescent |
| ........ | laborare | to work | collaborate, elaborate, laboratory |
| ........ | lacto, lact | milk | lacteal, lactose |
| ........ | lapis | stone | lapis lazuli, lapidate |
| ........ | latus | side | lateral, bilateral, collateral |
| ........ | laudare, laudatum | to praise, glory | laudable, allow |
| ........ | lavare | to wash | lavender, laver, lavish, lavabo |
| ........ | laxare | to loosen, widen | relax, laxity |
| ........ | legere, lectum3 | to read, choose, gather | elegant, elite, collect, dialect, legend, select, election, neglect |
| ........ | lex, legis, legalis3 | law | privelege, illegitimate, legislature, lex non scripta, legal |
| ........ | liber | book | libel, libretto |
| ........ | liber | free | libertine, deliberate, liberal |
| ........ | ligare | to bind | allegiance, ally, oblige, ligature |
| ........ | lingua | tongue, language | linguistics, lingual, language |
| ........ | littera | letter | obliterate, literature, letter, literati |
| ........ | locare, locus | to place, place | dislocate, allocate, local |
| ........ | loqui, locutus | speak, talk | soliloquy, loquacious, circumlocution |
| ........ | lucere, lux, lucis, lumen | to shine, light | translucent, Lucifer, luminous |
| ........ | ludere, lusum, ludus | to play, to mock | illusion, interlude, ludicrous |
| ........ | luna | moon | lunate, lunatic, lunation, lunula |
| ........ | magnus, magna | great | magnanimous, Magna Carta |
| ........ | malus, mal | bad, evil, wrong | malevolent, malfeasance, grand mal |
| ........ | mandare, mando | to order, to command | mandate, commandment, mandarin |
| ........ | manus, mani, man | hand | emancipate, manifest, manumit |
| ........ | mare | sea | mariner, aquamarine, mare |
| ........ | mater | mother | alma mater, maternity |
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| ........ | mecari | to trade, buy | merchant, market |
| ........ | medius, medio | middle | medieval, intermediary |
| ........ | mens | mind | mention, mentation |
| ........ | migrare | to move from one place to another | migratory, emigrant |
| ........ | militare | to serve as soldiers | demilitarize, militia |
| ........ | mille | thousand | millennium, millivolt |
| ........ | minimus, minor | least, small | minimal, minimize, minute |
| ........ | mirare, miror, mirari | to look at, to wonder at | miracle, mirage, admiral |
| ........ | mittere, missum | to send, let, go | emissary, remit, admittance, commissary |
| ........ | monere, monitus | to warn | monitor, admonition |
| ........ | morbus | disease | morbid, morbilli |
| ........ | mordere, morsun | to bite | morsel, remorse, mordacious |
| ........ | moris | manners, customs | morality, mores |
| ........ | mors, mortis, mori | deather, to die | post-mortem, mortgage, mortmain |
| ........ | movere, motus | to move | locomotive, motion, motor |
| ........ | multus | much, many | multiply, multimedia |
| ........ | mutare, mutatum | to change | molt, mutation |
| ........ | nascor, natus | to bear, to born | native, prenatal, nature, renaissance |
| ........ | negare, negatus | to deny | negation, abnegate |
| ........ | nihil | nothing | annihilate, nil |
| ........ | nocere | to harm, injure | innocent, innocuous, obnoxious |
| ........ | nominare, nomen, nominis | to name, name | nominate, misnomer, nomenclature |
| ........ | norma | rule | normative, enormity |
| ........ | notare | to mark, note | notation, notary, connotation |
| ........ | novus | new | renovate, novice, nova |
| ........ | nox, noct | night | equinox, noctuid |
| ........ | nullus | none | annul, nullifidian |
| ........ | numerus | number | enumerate, supernumerary, numerology |
| ........ | nuntiare, nuntius | to report, tell, messenger | nuncio, renounce |
| ........ | oculus | eye | monocle, binocular |
| ........ | opus, operari | work, to work | magnum opus, opera, operative |
| ........ | parare, par, pari | to make equal, equal | disparate, parity, peer |
| ........ | passus, pati | suffer | patient, passive |
| ........ | pater | father | paternoster, patronize |
| ........ | pax, pacis | peace | pacific, appease |
| ........ | pedis, pes | foot | expedition, pedicel |
| ........ | pellere, pulsus | to drive, driven | compel, expel, propellant, pulsate |
| ........ | pendere, pensare, pendulus | to weigh, hang, weight | impending, compendium, appendage, expenditure |
| ........ | petere | to rush at, seek | impetuous, petulant, petition |
| ........ | placare, placidus, placere | to soother, gentle, to please | placate, implacable, placebo, please |
| ........ | plaudere, plauseum | to clap, applaud | plaudit, implode |
| ........ | plenus | full | plenipotentiary, replenish, plenty |
| ........ | plere, pletum | to fill | expletive, replete |
| ........ | plicare, plicatum, plicit, ply | to fold | reply, implicate, complicate, explicate, plait |
| ........ | plus, pluris | more | pluriaxial, plurality, surplus |
| ........ | ponere, positum | to place | position, opposite, depot |
| ........ | populus | people | popularity, populace |
| ........ | portare, port | to carry | portage, export |
| ........ | portio | share, portion | apportion, proportion |
| ........ | potens, potentis | powerful | potentate, potentiometer |
| ........ | prehendere, prehensum | to seize, take hold | apprentice, reprehensible |
| ........ | pressus | pressed down | depress, oppress, impress |
| ........ | pretiare, prec | to value | depreciation, precious, price |
| ........ | primus, primatis | first | primordial, prima facie |
| ........ | privare | separate, peculiar | privilege, deprive |
| ........ | probare, probatum | to prove, test | probation, prove |
| ........ | proximus | nearest | approximate, proximity |
| ........ | pugil, pugnare | boxer, to fight | repugnant, pugilist |
| ........ | purgare | to clean | purge, purgatory, expurgation |
| ........ | putare | to think, estimate | computer, reputation |
| ........ | quaerere, quaesitus | to ask, seek | exquisite, inquisition, conquer, quest |
| ........ | radius | ray | radiation, radian |
| ........ | radix | root | radicle, radical, eradicate |
| ........ | rapere | to seize | rapture, surreptitious, usurp, ravish |
| ........ | ratus | fixed by calculation | reason, ration |
| ........ | regere, rectus4 | right, to make straight | erect, rectitude, rectus |
| ........ | regere, rex, regis4 | to rule, king | regency, regal, corrigible, regimen, direct, rule, regular |
| ........ | ridere, risum | to laugh | derision, ridicule |
| ........ | rogare, rogatum | to ask | arrogance, rogation, interrogate |
| ........ | rotare, rotatus, rota | to turn, wheel, turned | rotation, rotary, rotor |
| ........ | rumpere, ruptus | to break, broken | rupture, interrupt |
| ........ | sacer, sacrare5 | holy, to make holy | consecrate, sacrifice, sacrarium |
| ........ | sagax, sagacis, sapare | wise, to taste, know | sage, sagacious, sapient |
| ........ | sal | salt | salimeter, saline |
| ........ | salire, saltum | to leap, jump | sally, saltatory, resile, result |
| ........ | salvare | to save | save, salvation, salvage |
| ........ | sanctus5 | holy | sanctity, sanctuary, sacrosanct |
| ........ | sanguis | blood | sangria, sanguine, consanguinity |
| ........ | sanitas, sanatorius | health, healthy | sanitation, sanitarium |
| ........ | satis, satiare | enough, to fill full | sated, insatiable, satisfaction |
| ........ | scandere | to climb | ascend, descendant, ascension |
| ........ | scire, sciens | to know, knowing | omniscient, science |
| ........ | scribere, script | to write, the thing written | describe, subscription, scribe |
| ........ | secare, sect | to cut | intersection, secateurs |
| ........ | sedere, sess | to sit | sediment, sedan, session, president |
| ........ | seminare, semen | to sow, seed | seminal, disseminate, seminary |
| ........ | sentire, sensum | to feel, perceive | consent, sensible, sentient |
| ........ | sepsis | putrefaction, poison | septic, septicemia, aseptic |
| ........ | sequens, sequi | to follow, following | prosecute, second, sequential, pursue, non sequitur |
| ........ | signare, signum | to mark out | assignation, consignment |
| ........ | similare, simulare | to make like, to feign | similar, facsimile, simulation, assimilate |
| ........ | socius, sociare | companion, to join | social, society, association |
| ........ | sol | sun | solar, solstice |
| ........ | solare, solus | to make lonely, alone | solo, solitary |
| ........ | solvere, solutum | to loose | solvent, dissolute, soluble |
| ........ | somnus | sleep | somnolent, somniloquy |
| ........ | sonus | sound | dissonance, unison, sonorous |
| ........ | sors, sortis | lot, a share | sort, consortium |
| ........ | specere, spectum, spic | to look at, see | perspicacity, specify, spectacle, retrospect, prospect, perspective |
| ........ | spirare | to breathe | spirit, aspirator, expire, inspiration, respiration, aspire |
| ........ | spondere, sponsus | to pledge, promise | spouse, correspondence |
| ........ | stare, stet, stat | to stand | stable, establish, statue, superstition, distant |
| ........ | stellare, stella | to shine, star | constellation, stelliferous |
| ........ | stringere, strictum | bind, draw tight | astringent, constriction, strict |
| ........ | struere, structus | build, arrange, pile up | misconstrue, instruct, instrument |
| ........ | surgere, surrection | to rise, risen | insurgency, resurrection |
| ........ | tangere, tactus | to touch | tangent, tactual |
| ........ | tegere, tectus | to cover, covered | integument, detection, protect |
| ........ | temperare, tempus | time | tense, contemporize, temper |
| ........ | tendere, tent | to stretch, strain, thin | pretentious, tenuous, contend, tend, tense |
| ........ | tenere, tain | to hold | pertain, abstinence, tenacious, tenant |
| ........ | tentare, tent | to touch, try | tentacle, tentatively |
| ........ | terminus | limit, end, boundary | determine, terminator |
| ........ | terra | earth | terra firma, terrace |
| ........ | torquere, tortum | to twist, twisted | contortionist, extort, torsion, torque |
| ........ | tradere | to deliver | extradite, tradition, treason |
| ........ | trahere, tract | to draw, drawn | subtract, tractable, protract |
| ........ | tribuere, tributus, tribus | to assign, allot, pay | tributary, attribute, distribute |
| ........ | trudere, trusus | to thrust, thrust | intrusion, protrusile |
| ........ | toxicare, toxicum | to smear with poison | toxic, toxoplasmosis, toxicology |
| ........ | tumere | to swell | tumescence, tumult, contumelious |
| ........ | turbare, turba | to disturb | perturb, turbid |
| ........ | unus, uni | one | union, unipetalous |
| ........ | urbs, urbanus | city | exurb, urbanologist |
| ........ | vacare, vacuus | to be empty, empty | vacuity, vacuous, evacuate |
| ........ | vagari | to wander | extravagant, vagaries |
| ........ | valere, validum | to be strong, to have worth | valor, valid, evaluate |
| ........ | velle, volens | wish, willing | volition, velleity |
| ........ | verbum | word | proverb, verbatim |
| ........ | venire, ventum | to come | revenue, convention, advent, contravene |
| ........ | vertere, versum | to turn, change, incline | vertigo, verse, introvert, versatile, anniversary |
| ........ | verus | true | verily, verify, very |
| ........ | vestire | to dress | vestment, divest, investiture |
| ........ | via | way | pervious, viaticum |
| ........ | videre, visum | see, look, provide | provident, visible, supervise |
| ........ | vincere | to overcome, conquer | invincible, convince, victor |
| ........ | violare, violatus | to violate | violation, inviolate |
| ........ | vir | man | triumvirate, virago |
| ........ | vita | life | vitality, vitamin |
| ........ | vivere, vita | to live, life | revive, viviparous, vonvivial |
| ........ | vocare, vocatum, vox | to call, voice | vociferous, convocation, irrevocable, revoke |
| ........ | volvere, volutum | turn | involve, revolt, devolve |
| ........ | vorare | to devour | voracious, carnivore, omnivorous |
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Endnotes
1 GENUS -- see Greek GEN. It seems that most GENUS words are of Latin derivation.
2 The difference between jacere and jicere seems negligible.
3legere, legis, etc. are all related, but they are listed separately since there are so many English words that are derived from them.
4regere, rex, rectus, etc. are all related, but they are listed separately since there are so many English words that are derived from them.
5Sacer, Sanctus, etc. are all related, but they are listed separately since there are so many English words that are derived from them.
| Copyright© 1994 Tammy McQuoid |
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Student Price: $2.50 Others (inc. Educators) Price: $7.95 |
Educators: Click here if you desire a limited license to copy book for classroom use. |
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Student Price: $2.50 Others (inc. Educators) Price: $7.95 |
Educators: Click here if you desire a limited license to copy book for classroom use. |
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