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| ........ | a, an | not, without | amoral, anarthria |
| ........ | amphi | about, around, both | amphibian, amphibolite |
| ........ | ana | up, against | anapest, anasarca |
| ........ | anti | against, opposite | antivivisection, antipodes |
| ........ | cata | down | catacomb, catapult |
| ........ | dia, di | across, through | dialysis, dialect |
| ........ | epi | upon, over | episode, epistle |
| ........ | exo | outside, outer part | exoteric, exostosis |
| ........ | eu | well | euphemism, euthanasia, eugenics |
| ........ | heteros | other | heterodox, heterogeneous |
| ........ | homos | same | homonym, homoiothermal |
| ........ | hyper | over, extremely | hypergamy, hyperpnea |
| ........ | hypo | under, in smaller measure | hypocrite, hypocaust |
| ........ | meta | after, over, between | metaplasia, metathesis |
| ........ | para | beside | parable, paradox |
| ........ | peri | around, about | perimeter, periphery |
| ........ | poly | many, much | polygamy, polyhedron, polyglot |
| ........ | pro | before | procrastinate, projectile |
| ........ | syn, sym, syl, sys | together, with, by means of | syllable, synapsis, syncretism |
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| ........ | osis | state, condition, action | neurosis, psychosis |
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| ........ | acro | tip, top, apex, pointed | acropolis, acrophobia |
| ........ | agogos, agein | to lead, to direct, to incite | demagogue, pedagogic |
| ........ | agon, agonia | struggle, contest | antagonist, agony |
| ......... | agro, agros | field, earth, soil | agronomy, agrostology |
| ........ | algia | pain | neuralgia, diaphragmalgia |
| ........ | allo, allos | other, departure from normal | allopath, allogamy |
| ........ | andros, aner, anthropos | man, stamen | anthropomorphic, androsphinx |
| ........ | anemo, anemos | wind | anemometer, anemophilous |
| ........ | archaeo, archaios | ancient, old, original | archaeology, archeozoic |
| ........ | arch, archos | chief, first, rule | monarch, archipelago, archangel |
| ........ | aristo, aristos | best | aristocracy, aristocrat |
| ........ | astron, aster, astro | star | aster, astral |
| ........ | auto, autos | self | autoharp, autoimmune, autochthon |
| ........ | baro, baros | pressure, weight | barograph, barometer |
| ........ | barys | heavy | barium, hyperbaric |
| ........ | biblos, biblion | book, of books | bibliopole, bibliolatry |
| ........ | bios | life, living things | biocenosis, bionics, biopsy |
| ........ | caco | bad, poor, evil | cacophony, cacoethes |
| ........ | chiro, cheir | hand | chiromancy, chiropter |
| ........ | chroma, chromato | color | chromomere, chromoprotein |
| ........ | chrono, chronos | time | chronograph, chronicle |
| ........ | cosmos | world, order | cosmography, cosmic |
| ........ | cracy, crat | type of government | theocracy, bureaucrat |
| ........ | crypto | hide | cryptogam, cryptogenic |
| ........ | cyclos | circular, wheel | cyclothymia, cyclorama |
| ........ | deca | ten | Decapolis, decaliter |
| ........ | demos | people | demographics, endemic, democrat |
| ........ | dendron | tree | dendrochronology, dendroid |
| ........ | derma | skin | hypodermic, dermoid |
| ........ | deutero, deuter | second | Deuteronomy, deuterocanonical |
| ........ | didonai, dosis | give | dose, dosage |
| ........ | dis, di | twice, doubly | dichotomy, dipody |
| ........ | doxo | opinion, praise | heterodox, doxology |
| ........ | dynamis | power | dynamo, dyne |
| ........ | esthesia | the ability to feel sensation | anesthesia, aesthetics |
| ........ | ethnos | race, nation | ethnomusicology, ethnocentrism |
| ........ | gamos | marriage | monogamy, polygamy |
| ........ | gastro | stomach | gastritis, gastrolith, gastric |
| ........ | ge, geo | earth | geodesic, geometry |
| ........ | gen, geno2 | race, kind, descent | Genesis |
| ........ | glot, glossa1 | tongue, language | glossary, monoglot, glossalalia |
| ........ | glyphe | carving | petroglyph, glyphography |
| ........ | gon | figure having angles | pentagon, polygon |
| ........ | gonos | to produce | cosmogony, theogony |
| ........ | gramma, gram | something written or drawn | telegram, electrocardiogram |
| ........ | grapho | write | lithography, graphology |
| ........ | gyn, gyneco | woman, women | misogyny, gyniatrics, gynarchy |
| ........ | hemo, hema | blood | hemoglobin, hematoma |
| ........ | hedron, hedral, hedra | side, base, seat | hexahedral, polyhedron |
| ........ | helios | sun, bright | heliotropic, helium, heliograph |
| ........ | hemi | half | hemisphere, hemicranial |
| ........ | hepta | seven | heptahedron, heptameter |
| ........ | hexa | six | hexameter, hexahedron |
| ........ | hiero | sacred, holy | hieroglyphic, hierophant |
| ........ | hydor, hydro | water | hydroponics, hydrology |
| ........ | hypno | sleep | autohypnosis, hypnotoxin |
| ........ | icono | image, likeness, figure | iconology, iconostasis |
| ........ | ideo | idea | ideogram, ideophone |
| ........ | isos | equal, alike, identical | isocracy, isometric |
| ........ | kilo, chilioi | thousand | chiliarch, kilocalorie, kilovolt |
| ........ | klastes | breaker, broken | iconoclast, clastic |
| ........ | latreia | service, worship | idolatry, demonolatry |
| ........ | lithos, lite | stone | chrysolite, lithotomy |
| ........ | logos | word, study | logic, logomachy |
| ........ | lysis | to loosen | analysis, electrolysis |
| ........ | macros, macro | enlarged, elongated | macrocosm, macropterous |
| ........ | mania | madness | pyromania, kleptomania |
| ........ | mega | large, powerful | megapod, megalith |
| ........ | megalo | large, great, enlarged | megalocardia, megalomania |
| ........ | metron | measure | thermometer, metronome |
| ........ | micros, micro | small | microcosm, microphone |
| ........ | miso, misein | to hate | misogyny, misology, misoneism |
| ........ | monos | one, alone | monocle, monosyllable |
| ........ | morphe | form | metamorphic, morphallaxis |
| ........ | mytho | myth | mythological, mythos |
| ........ | naus, nautes3 | ship, sailor | naumachia, astronaut, navigation |
| ........ | necro | physical death, corpse | necrology, necrophagia |
| ........ | neos | new, young | Neoplatonism, neoprene |
| ........ | neuron, neuro | nerve | neuritis, neuropteran |
| ........ | nomos | law, science, management | nomography, astronomer |
| ........ | octo | eight | octagonal, octogenarian |
| ........ | oligo | few, scant, small | oligarchy, oliguria |
| ........ | onoma, onym | name | allonym, homonym |
| ........ | opsis, optic, ophthalmo | view, sight | optical, amblyopia |
| ........ | ornitho | bird, birds | ornithopter, ornithosis |
| ........ | oro | mountain | orogenic, orology |
| ........ | orthos | right, correct | orthography, orthogenesis |
| ........ | osteon | bone | osteoporosis, ossify |
| ........ | pais, paidos | child | pediatric, pedobaptism |
| ........ | paleo | ancient, early, prehistoric | paleontology, paleolithic |
| ........ | pan | all, every | pandemonium, Pandora |
| ........ | pater, patri | father | patronymic, patrician |
| ........ | pathos, path | suffering, disease | empathy, pathogen |
| ........ | ped, pedo | small child | pediatrics, pedant, pedobaptism |
| ........ | penta | five | Pentateuch, pentathlon |
| ........ | petros | rock, stone | petrography, petrol |
| ........ | phago, phage | eating, destroying | anthropophagite, phagocyte |
| ........ | phainein | to show, be visible | emphasis, fantasy, fancy |
| ........ | philos | loving | philharmonic, philately |
| ........ | phobia, phobos | fear, dread | photophobia, xenophobia |
| ........ | phone | sound, speak | phonograph, phoneme |
| ........ | phos, photo | light | photobiotic, phosgene |
| ........ | physis, physio | nature | physiologic, physiocrat |
| ........ | plasma | form | plasmodium, deutoplasm |
| ........ | pneuma | air, breath, spirit | pneumothorax, pneumococcus |
| ........ | podos, pous | foot | octopus, chiropodist, podiatry |
| ........ | polis | city | politician, Neopolitan, police |
| ........ | polys | many | polynomial, polymer |
| ........ | protos | first | proton, protozoa |
| ........ | pseudes, pseudo | false, fake | pseudoscience, pseudosalt |
| ........ | psycho | soul, mind, breath | psychometry, psychosis |
| ........ | ptero | feather, wing | pterosaur, pteropod |
| ........ | pyr | fire | pyromaniac, pyrography, pyretic, pyrogen |
| ........ | rheo, rrhea | flow, current | logorrhea, rheophile |
| ........ | schizo | cleave, cut | schizogenesis, schizogony |
| ........ | scopos, skopein | spy, watcher, to see | telescope, otoscope |
| ........ | seismo | earthquake | seismology, seismic |
| ........ | sophia | wisdom | sophomoric, sophist |
| ........ | sphero | sphere, ball, layer of gas | ionosphere, atmosphere, spheroid |
| ........ | static | causing to stand | hydrostatics, electrostatic |
| ........ | taphos | tomb, bury | epitaph |
| ........ | techno | art | tectonic, technocrat |
| ........ | tele | far, far off | telemetry, telencephalon |
| ........ | temno, tomos | cut, that which is cut off, out | appendectomy, lobotomy, tome |
| ........ | tetra | four | tetrarch, Tetragrammaton |
| ........ | thanato | death | thanatopis, thanatology, euthanasia |
| ........ | theos | god | monotheism, theophany |
| ........ | therapy | to cure, nurse | therapeutics, heliotherapy |
| ........ | thermo | heat | thermophile, thermotaxis |
| ........ | thesis, tithenai | position | synthesis, thesis |
| ........ | topo | place, local | toponym, topographic, topic |
| ........ | typos | type, figure, model | typography, typify |
| ........ | zoon | animal | zoogenic, zoonosis |
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1 GLOSSA is a Greek and Latin combining form. An arbitrary decision was made to include it in the Greek list only.
2 See GENUS in Latin. According to the dictionary most GEN words are of Latin derivation.
3 NAUS is actually Indo-European, a language spoken prior
to Greek and Latin. In Greek NAUS remained NAUS, while in Latin NAUS became
NAVIS -- both meaning BOAT. From Latin, we received NAVY, NAVAL, etc.
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Brown, James I., and Rachel Salisbury, Building a Better Vocabulary, The Ronald Press Company, New York, NY, 1959.
Davies, Peter, Roots: Family Histories of Familiar Words, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1981.
Davis, C. Rexford, Vocabulary Building, William Sloane Associates, Inc., New York, NY, 1951.
Greever, Garland, and Joseph M. Bachelor, The Century Vocabulary Builder, The Century Co., New York, NY, 1922.
Guralnik, David B., Webster's New World Dictionary, William Collins Publishers, Inc., Cleveland, OH, 1979.
Johnson, Edwin Lee, Latin Words of Common English, D. C. Heath and Company, Boston, MA, 1931.
Sayers, Dorothy L., "The Lost Tools of Learning," in Rosamond Kent Sprague (ed.), A Matter of Eternity, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 1973, pp. 107-135.
Thomas, Clayton L., Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1989.
Wilson, Douglas, Recovering the Lost Tools of Learning: An Approach to Distinctively Christian Education, Crossway Books, Wheaton, IL, 1991.
Copyright© 1994 Tammy McQuoid
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